Variety and Speech Community free essay sample

Diglossia is the relationship between two or more codified dialects that are used in the same speech community under different circumstances. Diglossia is categorised into two important hallmarks, the (H) high function which is seen as the superior dialect that is based on a grammatical system. It is formalised of rules, hence allowing thoughts and ideas to be expressed logically. However, the (L) function is connected to the standardised language of the speech community. It is used to express ideas and feelings close to one’s thoughts. The (L) variety is the first dialect that is taught to children as the mother tongue language followed by the (H) variety in schools. It is important however, to be able to distinguish between the context in which both the (H) and (L) varieties are used otherwise the individual is seen as a mockery. However, the ability to use both the (H) and (L) varieties in one speech community is acceptable as they can be used to complement each other when used in the right context. We will write a custom essay sample on Variety and Speech Community or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page An example of the (H) and (L) variety is evident in the Arabic speech community, the Arabs are expected to use the (H) variety for education, politics and religion, as the (L) variety is not accepted in formal domains unless used to explain the ideas or concepts further. Thus, diglossia does play an important role within specific speech communities; however it is evident that trends of diglossia are continuously changing. Over time the change of trends can result in the (H) function of dialect fading due to the increase use of the (L) variety as the standard language. This can be problematic as the (H) variety is connected to religion, literature and education. In addition, the change between the (H) and (L) variety of a language in different domains can result in learning difficulties later on in life.

The Story of Sojourner Truth essays

The Story of Sojourner Truth essays What personal traits did young Belle possess which helped her cope with slavery? Did she possess any less-than-admirable traits, in your opinion? Elle, even at her early age was aware of what was happening o the society, much more to her family. Her father died early and she, her siblings and her mom were left to tend for themselves. They had to continue living as a slave of Charles Ardinburgh, and then later on she was forced to serve her new owners who had treated her so badly (Bernard, 1990). Belle kept her silence but she had been taking notes of what was happening with most of the women. She had been very earnest in helping others in her own little ways. She had been very inquisitive and curious as to what was really happening, why it happened and how can it be possibly changed. She was very optimistic, even at her early age that time would come that she would be able to somehow change their current status. She had also used prayers to be able to cope with the pain of the beatings that she had been receiving from her owners. These are just some of the attributes that Belle possessed even while she was very young. These are the attributes that kept her going despite the harshness of slavery period. Cleary, as a very young girl who became aware of the real happenings of the world earlier than anybody else, Belle did not have any less-than-admirable traits. What she had were all very commendable and enough proofs of her ability to become a leader of her time. Evaluate Jacqueline Bernard's assertion that Belle was "a young woman alone in both the white and black worlds." Jacqueline Bernards statement that Belle was a young woman alone in both the white and black worlds" is true (Bernard, 1990). She was a black woman but she had worked with some whites. She had helped both the blacks and the whites in dealing with their own pain and sufferings. Belle had pursued her vision of lifting slav...

Savage Peace Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Savage Peace - Essay Example The high inflation rate, which began in 1918, was further aggravated and it ignited the social unrest, which were marred by riots, strikes, terrorism, fear of Communism and racial unrest, among others (p.113). The nation was not only effectively paralyzed but it became unusually unjust. Even the government began exerting its authority, curbing and violating individual rights in the process. Intelligence were gathered on its citizens and a legislation was passed restricting First Amendment rights (p.113).This year was called the "savage peace". Its impact on modern America is wide-ranging. It established the governmental agencies like the FBI and intensified violence against black Americans, which would influence the trajectory of civil rights movement thereafter. The savage peace highlighted an aspect of the American story at its worst. Much injustice has been committed both from the side of the government as well as from the side of its citizens. It is worthy of our interest because the events that transpired would influence in great degrees the future developments that would shape modern

Mission Statement Compare & Contrast Research Paper - 1

Mission Statement Compare & Contrast - Research Paper Example The quality of the mission statements and whether they noticeably specify the companies’ profile are included as well. In addition the paper seeks to verify whether the strategies of the companies are in line with the mission. The vision of Wal-Mart and Target has been stated and whether the two companies’ are approaching in the similar way with their vision has also been mentioned. The study also seeks to explain the ethical or legal challenges of the two companies. The companies’ responsibility towards the society has been identified. The mission of Target includes â€Å"make Target the preferred shopping destination for the guests by delivering outstanding value, continuous innovation and an exceptional guest experience by consistently fulfilling our Expect More Pay Less brand promise" (Samples Help, 2006). The company has aimed at being the ideal shopping location for the customers and provides them with a choice of excellent value, constant innovation and special guest experience by constantly fulfilling expect more pay less strategy. Their mission is to provide $1 billion for education by the end of 2015 (Target.com, 2011). In this context, by comparing the two mission statements it can be observed that Target is providing priorities to the innovation, shopping destination and value along with low price but Wal-Mart is preferring on low price for making the life of customers much better. The mission of Target is related to the preference of its consumers and communities, but, Wal-Mart’s mission is essentially linked to the price constraint to attract the customers (Wal-Mart, 2011). The mission statements of both the companies have been prepared by focusing on the customers’ preference. The companies are continuously working on this mission in order to provide customers with utmost beneficial services. The companies are two of the largest retail stores, thus their main intention is to provide quality

External and Internal Environments Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 5

External and Internal Environments - Essay Example The business segment within the industry is increasing as the epitome is centered towards amazing guest experience (Target Corporation, 2012). This report aims at discussing a publicly traded corporation within the industry listed on the EDGAR database. This elaborates the filing of the companies on the Securities and Exchange Commission. The goals of Target Corporation are designing an infrastructure through which a diverse team can be formed. The sole goal of the team is maximizing the guest experience and retaining the clients within the industry. All these actions set a continuation which leads to success of the business. Strong actions and formation of the communities is the measure using which the competition within the industry is managed. The ethical actions implemented create a strong reputation for the business within the industry. The PESTLE analysis of Target Corporation determines the position of the business within the industry. Understanding of the Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental and Legal aspects of the business determines the progress of the business. Operating in the American retail industry Target is ranked the second largest after Wal-Mart. The organization kept on progressing with the appropriate utilization of all the factors. The company stands amongst the top 30 in the listing characterized by the Fortune 500 (Target Corporation, 2012). The changes and transformation of the regulations within the industry impact on the share of the retail stores. The analysis of the bill regulated in the health care segment and analyzing the changes in the regulations within the sector determines the progress of the industry in the business segment (Weber, 2014; KPMG, 2012). The operations of the business in the international industry rely heavily on the cost of fuel and economic stability. Managing the cost within the

Marketing Mixmarketing Mix Essay Example for Free

Marketing Mixmarketing Mix Essay 1. Marketing Research : A new product strategy will ultimately need to be tested through focus groups, phone surveys and beta tests. Focus groups are sessions where company managers observe consumers through a one-way mirror. A moderator or interviewer will ask the consumers questions related to the companys product concept, including their likes, dislikes and suggestions for the product. This information is usually evaluated later to help tweak the product concept. After focus groups, companies use phone surveys to obtain a more reliable sample about the markets reaction to the product. 2. Product Positioning: Product positioning is a best practice strategy used for both new and existing products. Small companies typically use a grid when developing a product positioning matrix. The objective of product positioning is to determine which segment of the market to place a product. Companies often use two important product variables in a product positioning matrix. For hot cereal, these variables may include price and time to cook. The product price can be low or high, and the time to cook the cereal can be slow or quick. Consequently, segments for hot cereal may be low price/quick to cook, low price/slow to cook, high price/quick to cook or high price/slow to cook. A small company will usually plot its existing products as well as competitive products within the various segments. The segment with the least amount of plotting points may indicate an opportunity for the company, as that particular segment is under-served. Place of Distribution Strategies Depending on the type of product being distributed there are three common distribution strategies available: 1. Intensive distribution: Used commonly to distribute low priced or impulse purchase products eg chocolates, soft drinks. 2. Exclusive distribution: Involves limiting distribution to a single outlet. The product is usually highly priced, and requires the intermediary to place much detail in its sell. An example of would be the sale of vehicles through exclusive dealers. 3. Selective Distribution: A small number of retail outlets are chosen to distribute the product. Selective distribution is common with products such as computers, televisions household appliances, where consumers are willing to shop around and where manufacturers want a large geographical spread. Pricing Strategies 1. Penetration pricing: Here the organization sets a low price to increase sales and market share. Once market share has been captured the firm may well then increase their price. A television satellite company sets a low price to get subscribers then increases the price as their customer base increases. 2. Skimming pricing: The organization sets an initial high price and then slowly lowers the price to make the product available to a wider market. The objective is to skim profits of the market layer by layer. A games console company reduces the price of their console over 5 years, charging a premium at launch and lowest price near the end of its life cycle. 3. Competition pricing: Setting a price in comparison with competitors. Really a firm has three options and these are to price lower, price the same or price higher. Some firms offer a price matching service to match what their competitors are offering. Promotion Strategies 1. Public relations: Involves developing positive relationships with the organization media public. The art of good public relations is not only to obtain favorable publicity within the media, but it is also involves being able to handle successfully negative attention. 2. Internet Marketing: Promoting and selling your services online using various forms of online marketing techniques such as banner advertisements, videos or social media. 3. Sponsorship: Where you pay an organization to use your brand or logo. This organization usually has a high profile so that you know that your brand will be seen by a large audience. Most common use of sponsorship is with sporting events. The 2012 Olympics being held in London is being sponsored by a number of organizations such as Mcdonalds and Coca-Cola as the event will attract a worldwide audience that will run into hundreds of millions.

Mixing Music :: essays research papers

Most good mixers these days can start there mix process at any desired point because of their years of experience and their relationship to their monitors. When starting out as a mixer you do not have this experience and need to start at a reference point that will produce desired results for your mix. I have designed this mixing segment for those with little experience or are new to the mixing process. Before starting a mix you need to have a vision of how you want your mix to sound. Refer to Cds that examples of what you are trying to achieve, for creative and tactical purposes this will give you guidance on where you would like to take your mix sonically and musically. NEAR FIELD MONITORS Good near field monitors play an essential in consistent reference. The monitors should be capable of reproducing frequencies from 60hz to 17Khz and be able to handle high SPL, and set up in a triangular fashion 3-4feet apart. Make sure the monitors are not too close to the plane of the console so to minimize high frequency reflections that will corrupt proper imaging. If your using monitors that are not true in frequency response equalize the monitors in the monitor stage (post fade) to allow for discrepancies. This will alleviate you from incorrectly Eqing your mix to compensate for inaccurate monitors. Also the distance from your ears to the monitors should be set up so the room acoustics to not play a significant role in the sound of your mix. For example, the monitors are too far away and the room is reflective your mix will sound too dry. OUTBOARD GEAR I like to start off my mixing sessions with at least three different reverbs, three ddl's a stereo chorus effect and two extra stereo effects processors with many assorted stereo effects like phasing, flanging, etc.

American Film Revised

If one were to sit up and pay attention to Jon Lewis' American Film: A History, they would realize that the history of American cinema is not merely a linear progression of historically significant dates or landmark moments, but a story in which history shaped the motion pictures and motion pictures shaped history. Like history, the story of cinema is not a dead thing – an easily understood as the story of artifacts left behind, but a story in which relationships bring things to the surface.Film is shaped by history as it chronicles the fears and hopes of an era, and its zeitgeist, just as it skews and re-frames, like any other form of artistic expression, our perception of our own history. In Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb (1964) director Stanley Kubrick makes satirical work of Cold War geopolitics by hypothesizing an absurdly inadvertent nuclear attack. Kubrick and his screenwriters also milk the material for a good puerile laughs by dep icting war imagery as a series of comical psycho-sexual symbols.While the film was produced and released at a time when few outspokenly criticized geopolitical thinking, its timeliness has accorded it a relevance that cannot be said for similar war satires produced in later decades. Contrast that with D. W. Griffith's The Birth of a Nation (1915), a politically charged interpretation of post-Civil War events. Unlike Strangelove, it was produced a whole five decades after the events it depicts. The Birth of a Nation functions as historical retrospective – conjuring up a period-based narrative openly hostile to the African-American people.Griffith's film rejects the notion that black people could ever be integrated into the civilized Aryan world by portraying them as savage Other infiltrating respectable white living. One novel form of historical signficance is the referential motion picture, which gives topical emphasis on film making itself. This is best exemplified by Singin g in the Rain (1952) in which glamorous star Lina Lamont's voice proves to be utterly unappealing for the ears and hearts of potential moviegoers and gets dubbed over by voice Kathy Seldon, an under-employed chorus girl.A historical picture in its own right, Singing in the Rain is set in the period after Jazz Singer (1927) brought sound to the movies, and gives audiences a comical look at the awkward transition from silent pictures to talking features in the late 20s. Other films, like Blade Runner (1982) are historical in how they hypothesize the future. It would be a mistake to call the film a majestic exercise of futuristic prognostication. Instead, it functions as a historical document by examining present concerns and where they may go if they continue their course into tomorrow.A rather uncomplicated romance mystery involving synthetic humans infiltrating Earth, Blade Runner examines society's xenophobia towards immigrants while contrasting it against an ironic reliance on tec hnology. All this happens in Los Angeles, 2019 – where the world is highly globalized, politically corporatized and environmentally devastated. Presenting history in film is also a means to reconcile the neuroses of individuals, if not generations with past events. Using advanced technology, director Robert Zemeckis revises history to assuage the boomer generation's discomforts in Forrest Gump (1994).A low IQ simpleton manages to stumble his way into just about every important event in American history from the 50s to the 80s. Armed with nothing but good old Southern morals, he survives three decades of social tumult in America while his self-aware peers succumb to AIDS, war injuries and other sorts of misfortune. History is smoothened out by digital technology, allowing a static view of history to prevail: one where the survivors never question their assumptions about the ways of the world.

Marketing and Gucci Essay

Gucci The company Gucci is well known in many countries. The moment a person hears the word Gucci what comes to mind is fashion and expesive. In 1921, Guccio Gucci opened his first store in his native country Italy. Since 1921 Gucci has evolve into one of the most exclusive store in the world. It wasnt until 1950, that Gucci became known once the green red green logo was released. In 1953 due to Guccio Gucci’s death his sons Aldo, Ugo, Rodolfo and Vasco took over the company. It is then that Gucci introduces products that are most wanted by well known celebrities. Products such as perfumes, watches, handbags, shoes, clothing and sunglasses. During the late 1970s the company faced many ups and downs. This was due to wrong business desicions and family quarrels. As of today the company remains in on the top list of the fasion industry. Week 13- Segmenting and Targeting Markets Gucci does not have a specific target market. It aims at the people that are willing to buy their products. Gucci has a successful market segmentation because it follows four basic criterias. They   have  enough customers to buy their products, it is identifiable and measurable, their market segmentation member are accessible to marketing efforts and their market segment responds to particular marketing efforts in a way that distinguishes it from Their moves into Jakarta come as some of the world’s largest markets for high-end goods sag: Sales for many high-end brands have weakened in the West, while a slowing Chinese economy has damped its consumers’ appetite for luxury. The growth of Indonesia’s economy is expected to ease this year, but the country’s ballooning middle class will drive luxury-goods consumption in the long term, according to Frederick Gibson, an associate economist at Moody’s Analytics in Sydney. other

Fiscal policies of president Bush and president Obama

Fiscal policies of president Bush and president Obama Introduction Known as the most successful economy in the globe, the United States has come a long way to achieve its economic prowess. The country is a fairly new economy compared to the rest of the super powers making its case unique.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Fiscal policies of president Bush and president Obama specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The United States is known for its aggressive and hard working nature due to its political and economic policies. The policies place emphasis on a democratic system of governance that allows for an immense amount of freedom in all aspects of life. These policies have proved to be an advantage to the growth and sustainability of the country. Despite the spiraling rate of economic growth, the country records a number of economic down turns that have threatened the future sustainability. This has as a result led in implementation of a number of economic bailouts so as to increase the viability of the economy in the long run (Wright, 2010). One of the most discussed fiscal policies is that of George. W. Bush Jr. despite his allegiance to the Republican Party, most of his policies are inspire by President John F. Kennedy. One of the areas where Bush placed emphasis is the federal income tax cuts. At this time the country was highly taxed which in turn, affected the essential functions such as disposable income, the borrowing rate and the investing capability of the nation. The change in the tax cuts enabled individuals to use their extra income to pay off debts and save money in the bank. This turned the economy around owing to the level of growth in terms of the economic strength. Another significant element of his fiscal policy was the allocation and distribution of the national resources to different sectors. The government invested the funding of the army which at this time was heavily populated in the Middle Eastern countries.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This affected the rest of the vital sectors such as health, education, food, housing and internal security. The policy has served as a disadvantage to the economy recording one of the lowest rates of economic growth. This low performance reached its peak in 2008 when the country’s performance recorded an all time low causing a recession across the globe (Wright, 2010). President Obama made news as the first African American to become president of the United States. His economic policy has as a result become highly scrutinized so as to compare his policies to that of his predecessor. One of the areas that Obama chose to concentrate on was the general welfare of the economy. The government reduced the funding of the army redirecting the finances to healthcare, education and housing. This reduced the strain on the public who had become heavily task ed so as to meet the demands of the army. Obama ensured that the central bank reduced their interest rates on most of the charges so as to release the money to the public. This however is closely monitored so as to regulate some of the policies in the event that there is a colossal circulation of money amongst the public. This varies from Bush’s policies that did not place emphasis on regulation of the money by the central bank. The current regime is thus more observant so that the country does not experience another recession in the future (Wright, 2010). Conclusion President Bush’s fiscal policy is highly concentrated on investment in sectors such as the army and tax cuts making the country lack funding in other sectors. The tax cuts however increased the disposable income of the public increasing the level of investment. Obama on the other hand focuses on the welfare of the general economy redirecting the funds to crucial sectors such as health education and housing . References Wright, R. E. (2010). Bailouts: Public money, private profit. New York: Columbia University PressAdvertising We will write a custom essay sample on Fiscal policies of president Bush and president Obama specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More

Strategic Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 6

Strategic Management - Assignment Example The company’s strategic goals should complement one’s objectives, and has to be a benchmark that the individual uses to analyse self-progress. The other important facet includes assessment of ones skills and check if they are sufficient to achieve the organisational aims (Stringham, 2012). Skill and professionalism are congruent aspects that must be used simultaneously to enable a person rise to the echelons of their occupation. Skill can be acquired through continuous practise and learning. Learning cuts across all the forces that ignite critical thinking and judgement, through exposure to different environments, and challenges. In the document, several facets contributing to personal and professional growth have been comprehensively elucidated. The strategic goals may include working for the organisation for a defined period then branch off to their private practise. There is need for proper roadmap and planning, in order, to realize the ultimate goal in the profession (Hill and Jones, 2012). Higher remuneration: One of the targets in career advancement is having a better paycheque. Increased remuneration comes from a steady increase in the performance at work, and through accumulated experience in the given role. The mentioned factors will enable one have a stronger bargaining power, and contributing to a rise in career level. Superior role and title: the most significant career goal is to be able to rise through the career ladder to the apex of the field of specialization. The target includes advancing in the organisation in terms of responsibilities and having a bigger title. The two points will also contribute to personal satisfaction and motivation in the workplace. Higher influence: during the progression through occupational ranks, one expects to develop more influence through the new positions acquired. The higher influence also signifies professional maturity, which further supports

Cyber crime Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cyber crime - Article Example For instance, some of the malicious attacks that organizations and businesses face include cyber theft and fraud, cyber warfare, industrial espionage and hacking among others. The non-malicious attacks include misuse of access devices, human error and accidental system failures. Additionally, the article provides the costs that companies incur or may in future incur as a result of cyber crime. Moreover, some of the best practices that can limit the cyber crime, and legislations and regulations of cyber crimes are also included in the article. In my opinion, I would agree with the information provided concerning cyber crime in the article. One fact is that cyber crime is increasingly becoming an issue to most governments and its threats can be far much worse to an economy since it is a crime related to the internet; internet is one factor that an economy cannot survive without. Additionally, I would agree with what the author has indicated in the article because currently issues concerning cyber crimes are often discussed in the social media and various governments, therefore it is no doubt that whatever the author has provided is backed by so varied and valid evidences. The topic is very much important globally. Cyber threats and data privacy are factors that are currently becoming a major focus to various businesses, organizations and governments around the world. Since various sectors in the world or different nations depend so much on the internet, I think it is important to educate people on the threats that come as a result of the existence of the internet and how these threats can be limited. Failure to notify the world about this can affect the general economic growth of various nations. Certainly, the author has provided more than enough evidence with regards to cyber threats and data privacy. For instance, the author has provided valid statistics concerning the intensity of cyber